Cold War in the years 1945-1953 Essay

How far do you agree with the view that superpower misjudgements account for the development of the Cold War in the years 1945-1948? It is reasonable to suggest that it was indeed superpower misjudgements that led to developments in the Cold War in the the years 1945-1948, as it is suggested in both source 7 and source 8, however other factors may be more prominent than the misjudgements of the superpowers, such as the legacy left by World War 2, as it is suggested in source 9. The suggestion of superpower misjudgements being responsible for the developments of the Cold War between the years 1945-1948 is highlighted in source 7 – an extract from The Origins of the Cold War, published in 2008 – has a revisionist overview, where it is suggested that American misjudgements were to blame for the Cold War developments â€Å"American decision-makers misread Soviet security interests†¦ this, in turn, led the Soviets to see US policy as aggressive† from my own knowl edge i know that at this time Soviet policy was focused at ensuring national security, by establishing a ‘buffer’ zone, as the Soviet Union had in fact been invaded twice before through countries close to it, America may have misjudged this as expansionism and a breach of conditions that had been set at the Yalta conference, the source further suggests that the Soviet Union had misjudged US policies as â€Å"aggressive capitalist expansionism† possibly in reference to the Marshall Plan, and the Soviets may have seen this as America’s way of holding influence throughout Europe. Source 8 – an extract from Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War: From Stalin to Krushchev, published in 1996 – agrees with Source 7 on the fact that misjudgements were responsible for the Cold War developments, however the source describes the Soviet Union, not the USA for being solely responsible, the source states that Stalin’s road to the Cold War was â€Å"strewn with miscalculations† and that in response to the Marshall Plan, Stalin â€Å"began to consolidate a Soviet security zone in Eastern Europe by ruthless police methods and intensive Communist propaganda† which infers that Stalin misinterpreted the Marshall Plan, and responded in such a way that would provoke the USA, this later led to the Berlin Blockade, the source also states that â€Å"Stalin subjected†¦ the rest of the world to a bloody and protracted war that contained the real danger of a global conflict† this further consolidates the idea that misjudgements led to Cold War developments.

Decisions Essay

Decisions in 2006 regarding discrimination in the workplace centered largely on a theme of time and evidence. The court regularly held that the evidence of discrimination must be clear and that the legal action must be filed in a timely manner. The idea that a person can have been the victim of discrimination for years and have taken no action was dismissed as untimely. A case alleging racial discrimination was held to have insufficient proof of intent and in another case the court held that a union suing an employer for prejudicial hiring practices also did not submit sufficient proof. Finally, the court held that when an employer takes discriminatory action it does not have to be within the confines of the workplace to be discriminatory. First, in a case against Good Year Tire and Rubber Company, the plaintiff claimed that in her 18 years with Good Year, she had routinely been paid a smaller wage than her male counterparts. A local jury awarded her damages based on a series of wage-related decisions going back 19 years. However, the 11th Circuit Court held that the plaintiff’s lawsuit was untimely in that her complaint was not based on actions taken in the last 180 days according to the summation of Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber, 421 F. 3d 1169 (11th Cir 08/23/2005) (Runkel, 2007. The court did not rule on the merit of the case, but held that the statute restricts the time frame in which the alleged discrimination was to have occurred (Runkel, 2007). The plaintiff has appealed the decision to the U.  S. Supreme Court and in May, 2007, Justice Samuel Alito writing for the court, affirmed the lower court’s ruling â€Å"Ledbetter v. Good Year†, 2007). Next, in case versus Tyson Foods the court held that use of the term â€Å"boy† is not enough proof of racial animus to sustain a ruling alleging discrimination, but reverse a portion of the lower court’s ruling which had claimed that a racial descriptor was required to accompany the word to prove animus. In Ash v. Tyson Foods, 126 S. Ct. 195 (02/21/2006), the court wrote, â€Å"†Although it is true the disputed word will not always be evidence of racial animus, it does not follow that the term, standing alone, is always benign. The speaker’s meaning may depend on various factors including context, inflection, tone of voice, local custom, and historical usage. Insofar as the Court of Appeals held that modifiers or qualifications are necessary in all instances to render the disputed term probative of bias, the court’s decision is erroneous. (Runkel, 2007). That means the court needs more information that just a word to determine discrimination. The court ruling says that to prove discrimination, the plaintiff must show more than just a misjudgment by the hiring authority of perceived qualifications. It must show that ‘disparities of qualifications must be or such weight and significance† that a reasonable person could not have made the hiring decision which was made (â€Å"Ash v. Tyson, 2006). This decision dovetails with the court’s decision in IBEW v.  Mississippi Power & Light, 442 F. 3d 313 (5th Cir 03/02/2006). The union had argues that the employer’s standard for employment was discriminatory in that the cut-off point on the standardized tests was inherently discriminatory. The court did not dispute the merit of the claim, but ruled that the burden of proof lies with the plaintiff and that the union had failed to prove that there was another way that the employer could adequately determine employment eligibility. (Runkel, 2007) Finally, the court held that when an employer is accused of retaliatory action, it does not have to be limited to the confines of the work environment. In Burlington Northern v. White, 126 S. Ct. 2405 (06/22/2006), the court upheld the defendant’s claim that her employer had retaliated against her by moving her from one position to another and by initially trying to suspend her without pay, requiring that she file a grievance through the union to receive reinstatement and her back pay. The court held, â€Å"We conclude that the anti-retaliation provision does not confine the actions and harms it forbids to those that are related to employment or occur at the workplace. We also conclude that the provision covers those (and only those) employer actions that would have been materially adverse to a reasonable employee or job applicant. In the present context that means that the employer’s actions must be harmful to the point that they could well dissuade a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination. (Runkel, 2007). The court further held that retaliatory practices do not have to include financial loss to be actionable. (Runkel, 2007) The overwhelming effect of these court ruling on future graduates is a trend within employment law toward the defense of the employer. These cases tend to indicate that the court has placed the entire burden of proof on the employee when it comes to discrimination cases and expects that the employee can make a clear case for their claim, rather than relying on vague innuendoes, such as in the Tyson case. For employees, this can be a difficult precedence in that other employees are unlikely to back a person’s claim regarding workplace discrimination especially when they would then have such stringent requirements in proving their own retaliation case. This is also likely to have a chilling effect on employees who feel they are being mistreated because of the burden of proof. The reality is that for any African-American man, the mere use of the word boy is inflammatory, especially in the south. Though the word was not accompanied by any racial descriptor, the court held that intonation and other context can be used to determine the word’s intent. For an African-American in the South, that is the context and proving what his supervisor was thinking places too great a burden on the plaintiff. The Tyson case in particular makes it difficult for a person who is the victim of subtle racism to prove it and the Ledbetter cases reiterates that the person must deal with any perceived discrimination within 6 months of its occurrence, compounding the difficulty in proving a case.

Human Resource Practice

A Report on HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited MBA Program, Stream: HRM Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka July 20, 2009 A Report on HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited Submitted To, Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman Department of Management Studies University of Dhaka Prepared By, MBA, Stream: HRM, 10th Batch, Department of Management Studies University of Dhaka Executive summary In this global competitive era, banks have an important role as a financial institution. This report has been prepared on a commercial bank. In every organization, men/human resources play an important role for its success. No organization whether it is small or large, labor intensive or technology intensive can run without human resource. The topic of our report is â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited. † We have done this report on the IFIC bank Ltd. Although we have learned some banking activities during preparing our report we have mainly focused on HRM issues to keep the report on the right track. The Bank has a Human Resource & Division for its employees’ training & development. The also has an Academy for this purpose. There is a Library in the Academy. Bank uses both on-the job training & off-the job training method. Branches use on-the job training namely job rotation, Coaching/ under study approach, direct supervision by the senior managers. Head Office uses off-the job training namely Lectures, Conference, Workshop, Management Game, Role playing, Behavior Modeling and Case Study etc. The workforce was 96 in 1983 & 2014 in 2006. Benefits of the Employees such as House building loans, Car loan at lower interest rate, Provident Fund, Insurance Facilities are available for its employees. Minimum two years is required for promotion of the employees. Two Methods of evaluation for promotion: 1. Annual confidential report (ACR) scored by the immediate supervisor 2. Interview marks. Both marks are added together to prepare list for promotion. Statistical Analysis indicates Average Job Satisfaction Of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 & Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 3 %. The performance of the bank is satisfactory. Our Report consists of four Chapters namely Introduction, Methodology, analysis & Findings, Conclusion & Recommendations, & Bibliography & Appendix. In the first chapter: History of the organization, objectives of the organization, functions of the organization, organ gram of the organization, existing program of the organization and the future program of the organiz ation has been described. In the second chapter: Objectives of the study, data collection, data interpretation, limitations of the study has been described. In the third chapter: Human resource planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, CPD, findings, pay scale and labor management relations has been described. In the final & fourth chapter recommendations, conclusions, suggestions and appendix and bibliography are given. Letter of Transmittal 20 July, 2009 To Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman Professor, Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Report. Dear Sir, With due respect, we are stating that we are a few students of MBA program Stream: HRM doing our report under Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman. We are very happy to inform you that we have prepared our Report on â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited† and would like to submit it to you at this time. Therefore, we will be highly pleased if you accept our Report. Sincerely Yours, MBA 10TH Batch Stream: HRM Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Acknowledgement At the very outset, we do hereby express our heartiest gratitude and countless thanks to the Almighty who has enabled us to prepare this report on â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited† We would like to thank our Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman for his sincere guidance. We have done report our on IFIC Bank Ltd. We would like to thank the Managing director of the Bank, Md. Masiur Rahman; Senior Executive Vice President Head of HRD & Research, R. M. Debnath. Md. Sahabuddin, Librarian of the IFIC Academy Library has helped us providing information about the HRM issues of IFIC Bank Ltd. Finally, we would like to thank all persons who have helped us to prepare our Report. Abbreviations Used |No. Abbreviation |Elaboration | |01 |IFIC |International finance investment & commerce | |02 |MD |Managing Director | |03 |SEVP |Senior executive vice president | |04 |EVP |Executive vice president | |05 |SVP |Senior vice president | |06 |EVP |Executive vice president | |07 |VP |Vice president |08 |SAVP |Senior assistance vice president | |09 |FAVP |First assistance vice president | |10 |AVP |Assistance vice president | |11 |SSO |Senior staff officer | |12 |SO |Staff officer | | 13 |G-1 |Officer grade-1 | |14 |PO |Provisionary officer | |15 |G-2 |Officer grade-2 | |16 |CASH/COMP |Cash/Computer officer | |17 |OA(SG) |Office assistance(security guard) | |18 |O. ASSTT. |Office assistance | |19 |SS |Security staff | |20 |O. ATT. Office attendance | |21 |Ltd. |Limited | |22 |HRM |Human Resource Management | Table of contents |Chapter no. |Particulars |Page no. | | |Executive Summary |3 | | |Letter of transmittal |4 | |Acknowledgements |5 | | |Abbreviations |6 | | |List of chart and graph |9 | | |Dedication |9 | |Chapter 1 |Introduction |10 | | |(a) Background |10 | | |(b) Objectives |10 | | |(c) Functions |11 | | |(d) Organ gram of the organization |11 | | |(e) Existing program of the organization |13 | | |(f) Future program of the organization |16 | |Chapter 2 |Research methodology |17 | | |(a) Objectives of the study |17 | | |(b) Data collection |17 | | |(c) Data interpretation |18 | | |(d) Limitations |19 | |Chapter 3 |Findings and analysis |19 | | |(a) Literature review |19 | | |(b) Human resource department |22 | | |(C) Workforce 22 | | |(d) Human resource planning |24 | | |(e) Recruitment and selection |24 | | |(f) Training and development |25 | | |(g) Performance appraisal |28 | | |(h) Career planning development |29 | | |(i) Findings |29 | | |(j) Pay scale |30 | | |(k) Labor management relations |32 | |Chapter 4 |Recommendations and conclusions |33 | | |(a) Conclusions |33 | | |(b) Recommendations |34 | | |(c) Suggestions |35 | | |Appendix |36 | | |Bibliography |38 | List of graph and charts In this report we have not used too much chart and diagram because the topic is the HRM related issue and not on the financial matters we are preparing this report so have used only four chart and graph. |Page no |Contents |Subject matters | |12 |Table |Organizational hierarchy | |23 |Bar Diagram |Workforce | |24 |Organizational chart |HRP | |32 | Bar diagram |Pay scale | Dedication Dedication to our course teacher Dr. M. Ataur Rahman And Our Mother and Father Date of submission: 20/07/09 Chapter 1 Introduction (a) Background of IFIC Bank Limited International Finance Investment and Commerce Bank Limited (IFIC Bank) is a banking company incorporated in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh with limited liability. It was set up at the instance of the Government in 1976 as a joint venture between the Government of Bangladesh and sponsors in the private sector with the objective of working as a finance company within the country and setting up joint venture banks/financial institutions abroad.. In 1983 when the Government allowed banks in the private sector, IFIC was converted into a full-fledged commercial bank. At that time this deposit was 231. 03 crore and profit figure was 5. 06 crore. Up to 2008 its number of branch stands to 65 and its paid up capital was 1,341,431,400 TK. The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh now holds 35% of the share capital of the Bank. Leading industrialists of the country having vast experience in the field of trade and commerce own 34% of the share capital and the rest is held by the general public. The bank earned ever-highest operating profit during the year 2002 among all private banks of Bangladesh (except Islami Bank BD Ltd. ) The bank earned an operating profit of Tk. 55 crore during the year 2006. (b) Objectives of the organization The objective of the organization is to provide service to its clients with the help of a skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions and competitive edge will make its position unique in giving quality service to all institutions and individuals that it care for. It is committed to the welfare and economic prosperity of the people and the community, for that it is working towards to gain progress to prosperity. The bank want to be the leader among banks in Bangladesh and make its indelible mark as an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary. In an intensely competitive and complex financial and business environment, it particularly focus on growth and profitability of all concerned. (c) Functions of the organization ) IFIC acts as an investment and finance company under arrangement of joint venture with the Govt. of Bangladesh. 2) It operates Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale. 3) It operates as a commercial b ank. 4) It operates overseas joint venture such as in 1983 it set up its first overseas joint venture on the Republic of Maldives. 5) It acts as a joint venture Exchange Company. 6) IFIC establish overseas bank such as that branch in Pakistan at Karachi. 7) By joint venture activities it functions the act of second lease financing. (d) Organ gram of the organization The thirteen members of the Board of Directors are responsible for the strategic planning and overall policy guidelines of the Bank. Further, there is an Executive Committee of the Board to dispose of urgent business proposals. Besides, there is an Audit Committee in the Board to oversee compliance of major regulatory and operational issues. The CEO and Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions are responsible for achieving business goals and overseeing the day to day operation. The CEO and Managing Director is assisted by a Senior Management Group consisting of Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions who supervise operation of various Divisions centrally and co-ordinates operation of branches. Key issues are managed by a Management Committee headed by the CEO and Managing Director. This facilitates rapid decisions. There is an Asset Liability Committee comprising member of the Senior Executives headed by CEO and Managing Director to look into all operational functions and Risk Management of the Bank. Organizational hierarchy |Managing Director | | | |Deputy Managing Director | | | |Assistant Managing Director | | |General Manager | | | |Deputy General Manager | | | |Assistant General Manger | | | |Senior Principal Officer | | | |Principal Officer | | | |Senior Officer Grade-| | | | |Officer Grade-|| | (e) Existing program of the organization In 1976 IFIC was established as an Investment & Finance Company under arrangement of joint venture with the Govt. of Bangladesh. In 1980 it commenced its operation in Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale. In 1982 it obtained permission from the Govt. to operate as a commercial Bank. In 1983 setup its first overseas joint venture (Bank of Maldives) on the Republic of Maldives. Then it commenced operation as a full-fledged commercial Bank in Banglad esh. In 1985 it set up a joint venture Exchange Company in the Sultanate of Oman. In 1987 it set up its first overseas branch in Pakistan at Karachi. In 1993 it Set up its second overseas branch in Pakistan at Lahore. In 1994 it set up its first joint venture in Nepal for banking operation. In 1999 it set up its second joint venture in Nepal for lease financing. In 2003 the Bank celebrated its 20th founding anniversary. Other than that the Bank offers various loans and scheme to the customers. The major loans and schemes are the banks main product. The description of the products are given below. 1. Auto Loan: Rolls Royce, Ferrari or a Cadillac that's for one born with good luck. For the one's who dream to make their own luck. Come to IFIC for your desired Car. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with us then you can easily apply for the AUTO LOAN. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 15 lac Loan Period: 12-60 months. 2. Consumer Loan: Life is complex as it is. IFIC makes your life-style easy and comfortable with the Consumer Durable Loan. So avail the easy facility offer. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult and employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 1 Lac. Loan Period: 12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately,  Least Formalities. 3. Porua Loan: A good education is the foundation for a successful life. IFIC is offering the opportunity to students to pursue higher education opportunity with the loan facility. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 8 Lac Loan Period: 12-48 months Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, least Formalities. 4. Flexi Loan: The demands and uncertainties of life getting you down? Here is the answer. Come avail yourself IFIC's Flexi Loan, to turn the uncertainties of life to a certainty you can control. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult Bangladeshi employed by the Govt/Autonomous body/ Bank/ MNC/ NGO or any other kind of employed person with at least monthly Tk. 10,000 salary then you are eligible for the Flexi Loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 3 lac. Loan Period:12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 5. Thikana Loan A man's home is just not his castle, it's more than an asset, and it’s an investment for his future generation. IFIC's Thikana Loan helping you find your ADDRESS. Your life's Satisfaction First. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 75 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 15 years. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 6. Possession Loan For those people running a successful business from rented premises, IFIC BANK is there to finance you for loan. So your business can have its own Permanent Address. Getting the Loan: If you are a Bangladeshi entrepreneur with only 2 years of successful business record & having a valid trade license and also have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for this loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 5 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 65 years on the date of maturity of the loan. Processing: Quick Processing, Immediately, Least Formalities. 7. Peshajibi Loan Whether you are a Doctor/ Engineer/ IT professional/ Management Consultant or any other professional come find out about IFIC's advancement Peshajeebi Loan that lays the foundation for your career elevation. IFIC works for your professional Satisfaction. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with us then you can easily apply for the PESHAJEEBI LOAN. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 5 lac. Loan Period: 12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 8. Retail Loan To the small entrepreneurs who know their trade yet feel frustrated by the lack of money to get a bigger share in the marketplace. IFIC BANK understands their problem and believes that financial support at the right time can take them to (their desired) right place. Getting the Loan: If you are a Bangladeshi entrepreneur with min of 2 years of successful business record, have a valid trade license and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for this loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 1 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 2 years. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 9. Pension Savings Scheme Empower yourself for a secure and prosperous future with IFIC PSS. Partnership for a prosperous and secure future. Features: Under this Scheme you can open a deposit scheme for Tk. 500, Tk. 1000, Tk. 2000 and Tk. 5000 per month for 3 or 5 years whichever suits you. You can make the deposit within 10th of each month (In case of holiday the next working day). You can get Loan up to 80% of the deposited amount You can receive the entire deposit amount with interest at one go or receive a pension on a monthly basis at a desirable amount of your monthly installments. For your clarity a Table of Deposit Scheme and after Maturity Payable Amount is given below: Monthly Installment 3 Years Scheme 5 Years Scheme Tk. 500 Tk. 20322Tk. 36266 Tk. 1000 Tk. 40645Tk. 72532 Tk. 2000 Tk. 81290Tk. 145064 Tk. 5000 Tk. 203225Tk. 362661 (f) Future program of the organization The banks future program is to provide service to its clients with the help of a skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions and competitive edge make its position unique in giving quality service to all institutions and individuals that it care for. The bank wants to be the leader amongst banks in Bangladesh and make its indelible mark as an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary. For that reason it is making joint venture and new loans and schemes and expanding its business in the country and outside the country. Chapter Two Research methodology (a) Objective of the study The main objective is to analyze HRM issues and to find the different problems associated with different HRM activities. Specially: ? To find out different problems of HRM activities ? To judge the employees’ job satisfaction level ? To seek different problems of the employees in the banking sector ? To identify the reasons for which the problems are created ? To search ways to solve the problems of the organization ? To provide suggestions to solve problems of the employees and the banks (b) Data collection a) Primary sources: A questionnaire that are being answered by different people from IFIC bank Ltd. ? Guidelines and suggestions from our Professor Ataur Rahman. ? Interviewing the bank officials, specially the various officers of IFIC Bank Ltd, IFIC academy. b) Secondary Sources: ? Annual reports of IFIC Bank Ltd ? Different Published Booklets of IFIC Bank Ltd ? Different books ? Various published documents ? Various information from various website. ? Academic calendar 2007, IFIC Bank Limited. ? Different documents of the IFIC Bank Ltd. taken from Head Office & the Branch. ? Web site: www. ificbankbd. com. (c) Data interpretation For data interpretation two approaches have been mainly used in this report, 1. Conceptual approach 2. Empirical approach. The approaches are discussed below: ? Conceptual approach: A theoretical section is given in this report (the company profile) to give an insight various information concerning the financial function. ? Empirical approach: This refers to that has been directly collected and interpreted from the survey on IFIC bank Limited. Statistical analytical tools such as trend analysis of the different variables such as number branches, employees etc. of the different years, analysis of the various performance indicators with the help of different tables, figures & diagrams such as simple & multiple bar diagram etc. are used in the report. Statistical Analysis such as standard deviation, co efficient of variation and mean is used to understand job satisfaction etc. Such as average job satisfaction of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 & Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 33 %. (d) Limitations of the study Nothing is beyond limitations. Everywhere and in every task there must have some sort of limitations. We also faced some problems at the time of preparing our report as well. The limitations are: ? Lack of availability of data ? Shortage of time ? Company’s restrictions to disclose all information ? Perceptual difference of the employees to measure job satisfaction Chapter 3 Findings and analysis (a) Literature review Our report is on the HRM practiced by IFIC bank so literature review is focused on the HRM terminologies. Human Resource Management (HRM) The set of organizational activities directed at attaining, developing and maintaining an effective workforce. Why is Human Resource Management (HRM)? It is not possible to run any organization (whether it is small or large) without people/ Human Resources. Organization must satisfy its employees to achieve its objectives. It is not possible without Human Resource Management (HRM). HRM is important for: ? Hiring capable/right employees for the organization ? Motivating employees ? Retaining capable employees ? Taking steps for guarding high employee turn-over Orientation, training and development of the employees ? Placing employees in the right jobs ? Maintaining good relation among the organizational members ? Developing team sprit, cooperation & morale of the employees ? Delegating the authority & responsibility among the subordinates ? Controll ing administration human resources of the organization Major Human Resource Management (HRM) activities are: ? Job analysis ? Recruitment & Selection ? Orientation, Training and Development ? Compensation Management ? Job evaluation ? Performance appraisals ? Motivating Employees ? Communication Human Resource Management (HRM) Terminologies: Job analysis: A systematic procedure for collecting and recording information about the jobs. Compensation: Compensation is what employees receive in exchange for their work including their pay and benefits. Recruitment: the processing of attracting capable individuals to apply for the job that is open. Internal Recruitment: Internal Recruitment considers current employees as applicants for higher-level jobs in the organization. External Recruitment: People are collected from outside the organization to apply for the jobs. Employment tests: Employment tests are the devices that assess the probable match between applicants and job requirements. HRM selection: Selection is the choosing capable employees both the job and organization. Training: Teaching operational or mechanical employees how to do the jobs for which they are hired. Development: Teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs. Training and Development Methods: Assigned readings, behavior modeling, case discussion, conference, Lectures, on the job training such as job rotation etc. Job evaluation: An attempt to asses the worth of each job relative to other jobs Performance appraisals: A formal assessment of how well an employee is doing his or her jobs. Benefits: Benefits are the things of value other than financial compensation that an organization provides to its workers. (b) Human resource department Human Resources Department is focused on recruitment and in-house training for both on the job and off the job Bank staff members through the Bank’s Academy. IFIC Bank Academy – the oldest institution in the private sector – was conceived of as an in-house training center to take care of the training needs of the Bank internally. Academy is fully equipped with a professional library, modern training aids and professional faculty. Library has about 4941 books on banking, economics, accounting, management, marketing and other related subjects. Main training activities consist of in-depth foundation programs for entry level Management Trainees. Specialized training programs in the areas like general banking, advance, foreign exchange, marketing and accounts etc. re also organized by the Academy depending on need. Frequently outreach programs are organized to meet demand for new and specialized skills. During its 23 years of existence, Academy not only conducted cour ses, workshops and seminars as required by the Bank, but it also organized training programs for the Bank of Maldives, Nepal Bangladesh Bank Limited and Oman International Exchange LLC. (c) Workforce Total manpower stood at 2,014 as on December 31, 2006. Out of them 1430 were officers and 584 were non-officer employees. The number of female employees in the Bank on the date was 275. Growth in workforce of the Bank from 1983 to 2006 is given below: Growth in workforce Year |Officer |Staff |Total | |1983 |61 |35 |96 | |1985 |264 |89 |432 | |1990 |512 |480 |992 | |1995 |964 |601 |1565 | |2000 |1151 |549 |1700 | |2005 |1415 |575 |1990 | |2006 |1430 |584 |2014 | Sources: IFIC Bank Academic Calendar 2007 Prepared from previous table [pic] Analysis: Total employees from 1983 to 2006 have been shown in this figure. Total employees was 96 in 1983, 432 employees in 1985, 992 employees in 1990, 1565 employees in 1995, 1700 employees in 2000, 1990 employees in 2005, and 2014 employees in 2006. (d) HRP [pic] (e) Recruitment and Selection The Recruitment & Selection procedure of the bank is also related to its overall strategy. The bank is going to expand its branches in the near future and the bank is recruiting new employees & junior officers to satisfy its long run objectives. Highly qualified employees are hired for the organization. Entry-level position & minimum qualification: External sources: Provisionary officers: Minimum graduate Grade-2 officers: Minimum graduate Cash or computer officers: Minimum HSC Below the Above level: Minimum Class-VIII Internal sources: Other senior posts are filled by the internal sources except some technical or specialized field. (f) Training and development The Academy At the very beginning, the bank laid a foundation by setting up an academy at Head Office under Human Resource Division to develop human resource internally. Equipped with a professional library, modern training aids, professional faculty and other facilities, the Academy of the bank is a leading one among the banks in private sector. The Academy regularly conducts foundation courses, specialized courses and seminars in different areas of banking to take care of the professional needs. In addition, officers are regularly sent to Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management (BIBM) and Bangladesh Bank training Academy for professional training. Sending officers abroad for higher training is a regular feature. A Research Department also works in aid of HRD and other operational areas. The Academy has to its credit the experience of conducting several courses for the officers of the Bank of Maldives (BML) and Nepal-Bangladesh Bank Limited. In addition, it built up the training system for the Bank of Maldives Limited. The Academic activities: IFIC Bank Academy, established in 1983 as in- house training institution, takes care of the training need of the employees of the Bank. The objectives of the Academy are to: ? Make available skilled and dedicated workforce within shortest possible time by reducing time required for on-the-job training; ? Develop understanding about low and practice of banking through foundation training. Impart technical skill to the operational level officers through case studies/practical experience/demonstration/ project visit for efficient operations; ? Develop analytical & decision making skills of the officers; ? Develop understanding about human/conceptual skill and organizational cultures; ? Impart managerial skills to groom future Exec utives and to keep existing Executives up-to-date with national and international environment. Types of programs For fresher, Foundation Courses on elementary knowledge of banking are organized. Specialized Courses on the areas like Credit, Foreign Exchange, Accounts, Inspection, marketing etc. are meant for officials working in those areas. Senior level courses are run on specific knowledge area. Certain courses are a blend of different knowledge areas. In addition, certain priority programs are also being conducted by the Academy. These include program on Anti-Money Laundering, new skills required to perform new jobs. Approaches to Training: Training conducted by the Head Office: Head Office uses off-the job training namely Lectures, Conference, Workshop, Management Game, Role playing, Behavior Modeling and Case Study etc. Training conducted by the Branch: Branches use on-the job training namely job rotation, Coaching/ under study approach, direct supervision by the senior managers. The Academy holds need-based training courses/workshops/seminars etc. which are finalized by HRD Division in consultation with various departments and senior Executives at Head Office. Training inputs are constantly reviewed/modified for achieving the Bank’s objectives. Methods in training include: discussion/lecture/workshop/case study/games/role play/film show/simulation/group work & presentation /project visit and so on. On-the-job training Foundation courses have two parts: theoretical training in the Academy and job rotation. The officers on probation are requested to undergo both in a period of one year. During this period, three-phased training program is effective. On theoretical training in, say, General Banking the officers are required to undergo rotation in General banking activities under the supervision of the HRD. Similar process is followed in case of Credit & Foreign exchange. They report to the HRD weekly about the progress in rotation when problem-oriented discussion takes place for better understanding. Faculty The Academy has built up a pool of professional trainers within the Bank. In addition to permanent and professional trainers, speakers are drawn from operational side so that on-the-job experience may be exchanged and shared. Over and above, speakers from Central Bank, professional training institutions, universities, research organizations, and Govt. rganizations are also invited to share views and experience. Senior and retired bankers are also regularly invited to enhance effectiveness of training. Library The Academy has a good collection of books, journals, magazines. The books are mainly on subjects like Banking, Econom ics, Accounting, Management and Marketing etc. as on December, 2006 the library had 5,461 books/titles. The books are issued to the employees usually for one month. In 1988, the Academy undertook steps to build up Mini Libraries at all the branches outside Dhaka with a view to helping the employees with books and reading materials for updating and upgrading their knowledge. Branches are supplied with books /journals etc. for their Mini Libraries from time to time. (g) Performance appraisal The performance of the employees is measured by the immediate supervisors of the subordinates. The peace rate system is not applicable. The performance of the employees is not directly applied in the compensation system. It only helps in increasing the score of the Annual confidential report (ACR) to their supervisors. It helps the employees get promotion to the higher positions. Minimum two years is required for promotion of the employees. Two Methods of evaluation for promotion: 1. Annual confidential report (ACR) scored by the immediate supervisor 2. Interview marks. Both marks are added together to prepare list for promotion. Statistical Analysis indicates Average Job Satisfaction Of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 & Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 33 %. (h) CPD For freshers, foundation Courses on elementary knowledge of banking are organized. Specialized Courses on the areas like Credit, Foreign Exchange, Accounts, Inspection, marketing etc. are meant for officials working in those areas. Senior level courses are run on specific knowledge area. Certain courses are a blend of different knowledge areas. In addition, certain priority programs are also being conducted by the Academy. These include program on Anti-Money Laundering, new skills required to perform new jobs. In this way the initiative for the new and young employees are conducted and their career path become smooth by taking this kind of training. (I) Findings ? IFIC bank Ltd. has capable workforce to compete with others. ? In Banks, specially in the senior position, experienced & educated employees are required. ? Remuneration is high in the bank. ? Most of the employees are satisfied in the bank. ? Working environment in the bank is healthy & fine. ? Employee welfare program has insurance facility, loan facility, provident fund transportation & house rent allowances, and gratuity etc. ? Interest rate is very low for the employees. Training methods: lectures, assigned reading, & job rotation are used & good. ? Employees are sincere. ? Employees have to remain vigilant all times & employees will be liable for their mistakes. ? Promotion depends on the performance & Annual Confidential Report (ACR) sc ored by the immediate supervisor plus interviews score. ? Bank job is very challenging and stressful, especially in the top- level position. ? Risk management is very difficult task in the bank. ? Sometimes, promotion is delayed because of certain reasons in the banks. ? Sometimes, Employers use nepotism and favoritism at the time of employment and promotion of the employees ? Marketing activities especially deposit target to open account is a difficult task. ? In the bank job, handling the borrowers is a very difficult task. When any borrower comes in the bank and does not get any loan from the bank due to legal requirement procedure of the bank, In this case customers may want to do undue influence to the bankers. They sometimes threaten the bankers for getting loan from the bank. ? Interpersonal relationships & communication are good. ? It is monotonous job. Especially employees have to reconcile the accounts: cash/clearing/transfer every day. ? Bankers sometimes have to work more than eight hours in a day without any remuneration. Music is played in the bank to remove monotonous working environment. ? Bonus is also paid on the basis of overall profitability of the banks ? Average Job satisfaction level is more than moderate i. e. , 3. 37 out of 5 (j) Pay scale Monthly compensation paid to the employees Total monthly compensation includes Basic salary; House rent allowances, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance, Entertainment allowances, Telephone. |No. |Abbreviation |Elaboration |Total Monthly compensation in taka | |01 |MD |Managing Director |300000 Approx. |02 |SEVP |Senior executive vice president |73000 | |03 |EVP |Executive vice president |68000 | |04 |SVP |Senior vice president |62800 | |05 |EVP |Executive vice president |54350 | |06 |VP |Vice president |49150 | |07 |SAVP |Senior assistance vice president |36700 |08 |FAVP |First assistance vice president |33600 | |09 |AVP |Assistance vice president |31500 | |10 |SSO |Senior staff officer |23300 | |11 |SO |Staff officer |20600 | |12 |G-1 |Officer grade-1 |17900 | |13 |PO |Provisionary officer |12000 | |14 |G-2 |Officer grade-2 |9100 | |15 |CASH/COMP |Cash/Computer officer |7690 | |16 |OA(SG) |Office assistance(security guard) |7000 | |17 |O. ASSTT. Office assistance |6100 | |18 |DRIVER |Driver |5300 | |19 |SS |Security staff |4200 | |20 |O. ATT. |Office attendance |3850 | Source: IFIC Bank Ltd. Graphical chart [pic] Total monthly compensation of the employees Vertical lines represent TK amount and the horizontal lines represent the rank of employees. Here is the rank of the 20 employees & their salaries in taka. Rank can be known from the previous table, NO. -1 MD gets TK. 300000. 00 around & Rank No. – 20 Office Attendance gets TK. 3850. 00 total compensation. (k) LMR There is no trade union in the private commercial bank. But there is no dispute between the employees and the management. Comfortable family environment, comfortable job, satisfaction in work, high remuneration, good customer Service, good interpersonal relation, highly outside & inside personal relation development exist in the organization. Chapter 4 Conclusions and recommendations (a) Conclusions Banks play important role in the modern economy; Human Resources Management (HRM) issues play an important role in every organization and also in the banks. No organization can achieve its goals or can be good, until or unless it satisfies employees. Human Resources/ organizational members play the role of the crew who convert goals into the reality. In the banking sector, highly educated & strategic personnel are required to create a competitive position & to retain it for the long time. Training, principle of equality, job satisfaction, and career development are important in the bank. In the IFIC bank Ltd. The job satisfaction of the employees is more than moderate. Most of the employees are satisfied here. Bank is also satisfied with its employees. Bank’s salary structure is high but not highest in comparison with other commercial banks. Still comfortable working environment, good interpersonal relationship, and the benefits of the employees of the IFIC bank limited are also satisfactory. It has been operating since 1983 and it is a first generation private sector commercial bank in Bangladesh. It has retained its competitive position because of its performance and Employees have made the performance of the organization. Employee’s promotion & selection should be fair to get sincere, qualified, & dedicated employees. Its employee selection procedure should also remain free from nepotism, favoritism, and reference at all levels of management. Finally, the Bank must introduce modern banking system, adopt new technology, initiate new product, train its employees properly to do their job and keep employee satisfied. Bank’s performance is good for its satisfied employees. Bank is on the right track. Bank’s HRM policy is of course better, it has been able to satisfy its employees and customers as well. (b) Recommendations The authority of the IFIC Bank Limited should: Take initiative to motivate its employees to work more and to achieve its objectives. †¢ Take steps to remove stress and to manage stress in the job. †¢ Train its employees to manage the clients & to create a positive image about the bank †¢ Take steps to guard against undue loan sanctions. †¢ Protect bankers from the threat of the clients. †¢ Develop the practice sincerity and patience among the employees to handle difficulty in work. †¢ Take policy to cope with the problems of environment or technological change. †¢ Initiate highly automated system for the benefits of the clients & earning more profit and reputation as well. †¢ Provide overtime allowances for the employees for working more than eight hours. Provide timely promotion to create motivated and dedicated, employees and to increase the performance of the bank and employees as well. †¢ Eliminate nepotism and favoritism from the workplace. †¢ Increase the salary/allowance/incentives for its marketing activity to reach better position †¢ Introduce Career Counseling for its employees. †¢ Increase recreational facilities such as Picnic, Football match etc. †¢ Train properly the employees to handle risk management issues effectively & efficiently and †¢ Provide fast service delivery. (c) Suggestions The Branch Manager & VP has said about â€Å"Staff motivation by management. † AVP has said about â€Å"Better policy for the changing scenario and also adopt farther automation like on line banking. Others employees have said about promotion exercise must be done every year, to do what is good for the banking sectors, timely promotion, better customer service, to increase salary plus other benefits, to establish day care center, service delivery first, proper training the officers & staffs, and management should be careful about staff motivation. Appendix Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Questionnaire about HRM issues of IFIC bank Ltd. Purpose of the Study: The purpose is to help a MBA student to prepare an report about HRM issues in the banking sector in Bangladesh in the light of the IFIC bank, Dhaka. 1. Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. Designation: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3. Age: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4. Gender: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5. Duration of employment: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6. Duration of employment in this bank: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7. Why do you choose job in the banking sector? a) High remuneration b) Easy job ) Comfortable environment d) Challenging job e) Other, please specify: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. Why do you choose job this bank? a) Highly paid b) Easy to develop career c) Better performance d) Better HRM policy e) Other, please specify †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9. How do you feel about your job? a) Pleasant b) Unpleasant c) Indifferent 10. Your satisfaction level in the bank job: a) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 11. Most pleasurable thing in this bank job: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12. Your satisfaction level in the bank: a) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 13. Your relationship with your organization members: ) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 14. Most difficult things in the bank job: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15. Most pleasurable thing in this branch: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16. Your satisfaction level in training: b) High c) moderate d) Low 17. Educational qualification (last): a) Lower than SSC b) SSC c) HSC d) Graduate e) postgraduate 18. Are you satisfied with the culture of this branch? a) Yes b) No c) indifferent 19. Are you satisfied with the HRM policy of the bank? a) Yes b) No c) indifferent 20. Your special suggestions to improve the bank or branch Bibliography 1) Werther, William B. nd Devis, Keith, Hu man Resource Management, 5th edition. 2) Griffin, Rikey W. , Management 5th edition. 3) Lesikar, Raymond V. and Pettit, john P. , Business Communication, 6th edition. 4) Academic calendar 2007, IFIC Bank Limited. 5) Different documents of the IFIC Bank Ltd. taken from Head Office & the Branch 6) Web site: www. ificbankbd. com. [pic] ———————– Plan for dealing with predicted shortfalls or over staffing Compare future demand and internal supply Forecast external supply Forecast internal supply Predict Demand Assess trend in: ? External labor market ? Current employees ? Future organizational plans ? General economic condition Name ID NO. (1) Md. Mosharref Hossain 36 (2) Saheli Nargis64 (3) Md. Rashedul Hasan78 (4) Zubaer Shoaib86 (5) Md. Naharul Islam92 Name [pic][? ] |67Y[cdoeaO? A?  ©s†¹s†¹s|f|WQHh? â€Å"h†¡9 ©CJh†¡9 ©CJh? â€Å"h†¡9 ©B*[? ]CJ,aJ phy+jhDpB*[? ]CJ,U[pic]aJ mHnHphyu[pic]hOj h†¡9 ©B*[? ]CJ2aJ4phyhX[pic]? h’duB* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hX[pic]? h†¡9 ©B* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hX[pic]? [email  protected]* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hemUB* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ho ©B* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬h†¡9 ©CJh? â€Å"ho! nCJ-aJ h[? ]'GhU /5? CJ h#5? CJ jRoll no. Signature 1. Md. Mosharref Hossain36†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Saheli Nargis64†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. Md. Rashedul Hasan78†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. Zubaer Shoaib86†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. Md. Naharul Islam 92†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Identify the UK legislation that attempts to protect employees against Essay

Identify the UK legislation that attempts to protect employees against discrimination and promotes equal opportunities in the UK - Essay Example Diversity management on the level of the organization would need readjustment of company policies according to the new law. The latest legislation that aims to promote equality and anti-discrimination is the Equality Act of 2010 (Equality Act 2010). This Act is a comprehensive legislation that brings together and harmonises the different laws on equality and discrimination. It supercedes in whole or in part other laws such as the Race Relations Act 1976, Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Equality Act, ACAS n.d.), Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Sexual Orientation Regulations 2003, Religion or Belief Regulations 2003 (Introduction to Discrimination n.d.), Equality Act 2006, and Civil Partnership Act 2004 (Equality Act, Home Office n.d.). The Act also enhanced protection in specific situations (Equality Act, Home Office n.d.). The law specifically identified the characteristics that should be protected such as age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, race, r eligion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation (Equality Act 2010). This categorisation simplifies the law and designed to ensure a fair environment.

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Response to Free Play - Essay Example His book Free Play instills and resonate the passion of music in readers and is a best book on improvisation. Improvisation is a difficult topic and it is a most realistic book on improvisation I have seen yet. I am really impressed with Stephen Nachmanovitch’s book Free Play. It was a resonating and promising experience to study such a nice piece writing. It is a very unusual, thought-through, and through provoking book on mystic creativity, which is a difficult most topic. Improvisation in art and life is a very difficult topic. It is very difficult to perform extemporaneously for everyone even for actors. Doing improvisation in a strange place is a very difficult to deal with. Free Play book has far reaching affects. It runs deep into our activities of art, music and everyday life. This book integrates knowledge from variety of important works of art, literature, science, etc. â€Å"This book is important not only because it devolves into the creative process, but also because Nachmanovitch creates the opportunity for reader to get in touch with her/his own creative possibilities and abilities†. Harvard Educational Review My ideas about improvisation shifted due to this book. It resonates in me the element of the art of improvisation for art, music and everyday life. It tempts me to believe in myself and do everything as per my natural instinct. Writer‘s approach is equally useful for children, teacher and others peoples of all kinds. It is good to randomly do things but some part of me is reluctant to believe that we should improvise all the time. We can anticipate the future happenings and we can try to prepare for them in order to better coup with every situation. While, if we need to perform somewhere randomly, we should give our best shot by using the ideas presented by Stephen, Nachmanovitch in Free Play: Improvisation in Life and Art. In essence, I am really impressed with this piece

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Report market sells product internationally - Essay Example The report would also include an analysis of the market segments and the beer market in the nation. The report would also showcase the market entry strategies and a specific product mix for the new market and would also include an analysis of the integrated marketing communication and other market strategies for entering the market successfully. Finally a set of plausible recommendations would be prepared that would be framed on the basis of the study conducted in the course of research. The present era of business environment is largely stated by various circles as the age of turbulence and intense competition. The entry of globalisation has made the world turn into a boundary less structure with firms expanding beyond political and geographic boundaries to reach out to new markets. This has also triggered a wave of competition among the organizations to establish their organizations in the market. The present study would deal with the international expansion of a beer company in the UK market. The choice of the market assumes significance considering the presence of a strong demand and favourable future opportunities in the nation. Background According to a report published by Nielsen the total beer industry in UK is valued at 3.48 billion pounds with volumes expected to be around 18.7 million hl. This shows a considerable scope for business in the market. However the market is also characterised by intense levels of competition as the market is dotted with a large number of players with highly established brand image and formidable brand positioning (Nielsen, 2009, p.6). Aim The main aim of this study would be to frame a business report that would try to uncover the business potential of UK as a beer market. The report would try to analyse the business market of the nation and would frame up a market entry plan that would also include formulating a product mix specifically designed for the UK market. The report would also cover the aspect of positioning and integrated marketing communication as well as an entry strategy for the company in the UK market. Scope The business report would analyse the business attractiveness of a new market in the context of the beer market in UK. The report would analyse the appropriateness in choosing the UK market as a destination for investment for foreign market players in the beer industry. Country Information Geographies UK is one of the most developed economies of the world with its importance being that of one of the pioneer nations of the industrial revolution. Geographically the nation is located in Western Europe with a total area of 243,610 square kilometres. The nation has a long coastline in the Atlantic Ocean that serves as its sea link with the USA. London the capital city of the nation is also known as the commercial and financial hubs of the world with

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The Ups and Downs of Pulleys - Research Paper Example In a simple fixed pulley (Fig - 1), one end of the rope passing over the grooved disc is tied to the weight being lifted while its other end is free to be pulled down, thereby making an effort to lift the weight. An ideal rope and pulley system simplifies the work done in pulling the rope and lifting the load against the gravitational pull. It does this by the transmission of linear motive force of the pull at end, through the entire rope to the lifted load at the other end. There is no net force acting on the pulley system at equilibrium as the force on the pulley axle is equally distributed along the two arms of the rope passing through the pulley. When the system is in action, the energy conservation principle is followed, with the work done in lifting the load (weight times the distance through which it is lifted) is equal to the tension in the rope or in other words the force with which the load is lifted. Lesser the magnitude of the lifting force compared to the weight of the l ifted load greater is the mechanical advantage (MA) of pulleys, which is the ratio of the lifted weight to the force exerted for lifting. The most novel thing about pulleys is that they reverse the direction of the force, thereby minimizing the effort. Pulling something downward is easier being assisted by gravity. So, by tugging at the rope downward, the weight tied to the other end of the rope is easily lifted through the air by a simple fixed pulley. (Walker, 12) The second most fascinating aspect about pulleys is the force by which the load is being pulled is equal to the tension along each rope line. Hence, greater number of ropes makes weight lifting easier and effortless for pulleys as the net weight is divided among the total number of ropes running through the pulley. Adding multiple pulleys increases the number of rope lines for distributing the total lifted weight among them (Fig - 3), thereby increasing the mechanical advantage. (Mezzanotte, 14) MATERIALS AND METHODS: We categorized the pulley system into three types; the single fixed pulley, the single moveable pulley and the combined system of pulleys. We devised one sample of a fixed and a moveable single pulley and four compound pulley systems combining a fixed and a moveable pulley by ropes wound around them in different directions. (Figures - 1 to 7) In each case a weight (W) of 500 grams was tied to the end of the ropes passing over the disc grooves. First the lifting forces were compared for the fixed and the moveable single rope and pulley systems (Figures - 1 & 2) and the data was collected to be analyzed. The next level of comparison was extended for the compound pulleys (Figures - 3 to 7) and the collected data was correlated with the first set. RESULTS: The results for the single fixed and moveable pulley system are tabulated below: Pulley Type Lifted Weight (in grams) Weight equivalent to the exerted force Mechanical Advantage

Productivity and Process Improvement Research Paper

Productivity and Process Improvement - Research Paper Example Bread is an essential meal for breakfast because of its convenience, relative durability and adaptability, potentially low cost and nutritive value. People who live around green Valley Bakery like bread to an extent that they have changed the man must eat slogan into if man has to eat, he must eat bread. Therefore, the demand for bread is quit high. Unfortunately, this local bakery normally fails to meet this demand leading to bread importation from other towns. However, local people prefer bread from Green Valley because it is always fresh and tasty. The bakery management claims that it is normally unable to meet demand because of low productivity that results from low supply of basic ingredients especially flour, high cost of labor and lack of modern cooking equipments. Therefore, they produce very little while demand is almost twice of what they produce. This shortage is normally worse during weekends, when it is hard to locate fresh bread. Therefore, if Green Valley Bakers can im prove their productivity and processes, they are more likely to reap great profits that can even help it open chain bakeries. Productivity Measures In order to achieve its vision, the company has to take into account productivity measures that will help it improve its production and production processes. First, to deal with the problem of supply of ingredients, the company can choose to merge with a wheat flour miller or large scale wheat supplier. The company can then choose to sign contracts with such companies in order to ensure a steady supply. Such a measure will ensure that it is able to get sufficient flour and other ingredients on time as Laraia, (1999) observes. With enough supply of raw materials, the bakery will be in a position to produce enough bread for its loyal customers. The other issue that the company faces in its activities is poor and traditional equipments. These equipments are slow and can only accommodate few pieces of bread at a time. To deal with this probl em, the company must employ modern baking equipments like dough molders, dough mixers, and dividers. Though they are expensive in the short run, they produce significant results in the long run that will help the company achieve its goals (Torres, and Feld, 2010). Modern baking equipments like electric ovens have a large capacity that can accommodate many pieces of bread at a time. On the other hand, they are very fast and the bakery can manage to cook very many pieces of bread and cakes. With such improvements, the bakery will meet the high demand for bread to its local residents as well as other towns in California. The bakery also faces problem of high cost of labor that increases the cost of production. With high cost of labor and low production units, the bakery will definitely incur losses and will never achieve its vision and goals. To deal with the situation, the management can choose to employ cheap labor, even if it means importing workers from other areas with high labor supply. On the other hand, it can choose to increase the productivity per worker so that counter the high cost of labor. The bakery should ensure that it is able to produce at the breakeven point, that is, where productivity is able to meet the cost of production. Key Processes The key processes that are involved in the manufacturing process of bread include preparing the dough by mixing all the required ingredients like flour, yeast, oil, salt, and sugar. The dough is then cut into

The White Dress Poem Essay Example for Free

The White Dress Poem Essay The White Dress is an expressionism poem discussing a powerful, universal connection with the dress hanging in the woman’s closet. She analyzes how she thinks the dress sitting in the closet would feels, should it be alive, ready to be at her service upon demand, cosmetically. When she wears decorative highly fashionable dress, the dress becomes a part of her, and the woman becomes part of the dress. The two are inseparable, like she is describing two special people feel towards each other. The white dress described in this poem is a formal dress, taken out for special occasions. Of all the dresses in her closet, and even other white dresses in her closet, this is the dress she writes an analytical emotional poem about. Perhaps she is discussing a one time special occasion when she was wearing the dress, perhaps when she got engaged, met a special friend, or maybe she is expressing her desire to wear the formal reserved dress more often.   The deep fascination she has with the dress is very intriguing, because the strongest emotional empowerment she feels to the dress is invisible, but overwhelming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In her line in the first paragraph â€Å"We itch to feel it, it itches to feel us, it feels like an itch† (Emanuel, par. 1 lines 3, 4). This line is saying there is an underlying emotional reason why she was attracted to purchase that particular dress in the store, amongst all other dresses. Everyone, or at least all women, experience this â€Å"sudden click† when they see a dress or other item when shopping. There are items everyone buys, for example everyone needs clothes. Most clothes are purchased because the look good, or we need them for something coming up. Then there are items that click with us. When this happens, we always just happen to have the money, sometimes it may be barely enough, and more often than not, it is on clearance or better than average price. When she talks about mutual â€Å"itch† she is describing that sudden click when we see an item calling out to us in the store.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Next paragraphs she speaks about its decorations, the actual character or identity of the dress. â€Å"Encrusted with beading, its an eczema 5 of sequins, rough, gullied, riven, puckered with stitchery† (Emanuel, Par. 2 lines 5, 6, 7). †Bouquet of a woman’s body, or its armor and it fits like a glove.† She is saying she becomes the decorations, comparing her body to a bouquet of flowers, the dress acting as a vase. There is a phrase or saying in professional ballroom and salsa dancing, the man is the frame and the woman is the picture. The dress frames or outlines her body, like a vase, but she is the actual attraction inside the dress. But she is enslaved to the dress to make her look good. â€Å"When we’re in it we’re machinery.† (Emanuel, Par 4, line 13).   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Right now it’s lonely locked up in the closet; while we’re busy fussing at our vanity† (Emanuel, Par. 5, 6 Lines 15, 16, 17).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tonality of this poem is consistent from beginning to end. A woman talks about a formal dress in her closet reserved for special occasions. She obviously had a very special event with the dress, probably meeting a special person or friend who made am important impact on her life. Not many of us think about any of the clothes sitting in our closet, not even the formals that stand out until we are planning an occasion we will wear the dress, or within the first few moments we bring it home. There is a hint of guilt in some of her lines, talking about the dress sitting in the closet, waiting for it to be called upon again.   This poem sums up her powerful invisible connection to the dress, talking about it like it much more than just another item. She identifies herself with the dress, almost like she is becoming another person or going into another realm of the universe when she puts on this dress.

Education Essay Essay Example for Free

Education Essay Essay Education is a vital part of growing up. Without it, our potential cannot be utilized. We use education to make decisions, interact with others, and survive in general. In order for society to improve as a whole, we must use our education to improve on the knowledge we have already attained. Public education gives American citizens the chance to become critical thinkers, prepare for work, and compete in a global marketplace. Public education has transformed into a corrupt system. A system centered around the GPA. Getting a good percentage is the only thing that seems to be important in school. The only thing students care about is how they can pull off a 4.0. Even the teachers’ focus is on the grades. Teachers are rated based off how their students did on standardized tests and their grades. There is almost no focus on the pure attaining of knowledge. Once a student finishes a class, about 90% of the information they learned is lost. There is almost no importance on retaining knowledge after they finish testing on it. Students only about care their grades because that is what colleges look at. Everyone strives for that 4.0 GPA so they can get into their dream school. Once students get to college, their focus goes from learning to get a good grade to learning to prepare for their job. College students have to truly understand and retain the information they learn because it is important to their potential career paths. Although many problems can be found in public education, there are few that can actually be solved. Public education cannot be easily changed without disrupting the foundations of what public education does for students. If we change our focus from grades to pure learning, colleges would have no way of judging a student. It is the nature of the beast.

Social Media Marketing And Twitter Marketing Essay

Social Media Marketing And Twitter Marketing Essay Social Media Marketing 2.0 and Twitter The potential of Twitter as a micro-blogging site has increased exponentially in the context of Social Marketing 2.0. Its common sense. Acknowledge your followers. 2) The danger Quite a few restaurant owners I have spoken with believe that Twitter and Facebook is all they need. Promote other peoples content: This shows that you are not just thinking about yourself. In the online world, it helps a lot to have a good website to make your business visible to the online world. The possibilities are endless for attracting and reaching interested customers. Here are some rules to remember: Create tweets that inspire, educate, and engage your audience. Tweet Adder is among these applications and remains to be one of the most formidable ones available in the market. However, such a thing must be too good to be true. In both cases, these people are likely more interested in quantity rather than quality. Not many people know who is the CEO of Pepsi, but Pepsi is the product people will be searching for if they want information about Pepsi and new beverages etc. Its a psychological thing. Typically for a business, it is to connect with their current or future customers, and ultimately increase sales. One of the important but most ignored processes in marketing your business online is listening to your potential customers and to your target market. These social networking sites allow the marketer to pre-sell their wares to the online community and establish a platform for continued interaction with present and potential clientele. There are several benefits and weaknesses to using Twitter for your small business, lets take a look at them when compared to SMS text message marketing. When you start to build your online presence and your followers trust you as a serious network marketer they will be ready to retweet your messages and even promote your products eventually. As it is widely considered the most popular, we shall set off with TweetAdder. Do you own a website or have a product you are looking to market and are wondering if Twitter auto follow tools would be right for you? To be successful on Twitter, you should build your community by posting legitimate, valuable content, and steadily attracting legitimate followers. With that, you can fetch insights about your brand. It is one of the many results of the continuous research and studies that have been done in the past and remains to be an exceptional breakthrough that has utterly made our lives very much easier. Provide service or help them find an answer to their questions. Prospects are inherently selfish, and interested in what benefits them. Make your bio similar but take it to the next level by adding action words that compel a viewer to get excited and want to investigate further. I dont want my wife to complain that Im not spending time with her. In fact, most naysayers say that Twitter (and social media) in general are useless for search engine marketing. The best form of Twitter marketing sometimes is not too market at all. Internet marketers who are not using twitter correctly are missing out on a major audience. Here are 7 weird ways to unleash the immense power of Twitter in your small business. Talk to them, follow them and then expect to be followed as well. TV celebrities, businesses friends and Countries all over the World are taking advantage of the potential it has to also market your business. All this in only 140 characters. The difference in successful internet marketing campaigns is the ability for the internet marketer to engage the users. In a nutshell, the more active your Twitter account is, the more chances that you can grow your follower base. Try the 7 step plan and let me know. 3) Try to follow as many people as you can that you think may have an interest in your business, you can continuously search for customers you think might be interested in what you have to offer. Queries can be search specific based on words, people, places, dates, attitudes, and other. * Twellow. Isnt that the kind of traffic all companies are looking to attract? This is the first place to look. Granted, Twitter does not have link juice. Social media is a new marketing median and must be treated differently. As advancements continue to rise, a few more procedures may be added to this list. You can have Twitter followers in other languages. Social Marketing 2.0, as this strategy is concisely called, involves marketing through social media sites like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and so forth. Its an art form, but for many it may as well be cubism. In this article, youll learn 3 little-known Twitter Marketing secrets that the inner circle of social marketers use to grow their business. If you help someone, they are predisposed toward you because you took the extra time to help. If your Twitter page is brand new and youve just started using it, using your Twitter marketing tools, follow up to 50 members per day for the first few weeks or so. There are thousands of Twitter users which could be of a great help for your business. The internet marketers aim to achieve their targeted goals within time limits with maximum gains. Build Connections Gaining many followers is not enough. This way, people are more likely to recognize you as an expert in that particular field, and will often follow your brand to do business with you. Include all your followers (when appropriate) in your thank you when someone re-tweets or mentions you. Use Tweetdeck: Tweetdeck is a program that will show you your friends updates, your replies, and your direct messages all in one place. So your goal has to be to build an email list. Businesses should tweet, at minimum, once a day. Once again, dont overdo it because you dont want to bore people. That is the best way to proceed because otherwise you begin to lose momentum when you begin worrying about how others dont know how to use Twitter more efficiently. Try reciprocating their effort, as well, so the relationship becomes a two-way street, opening the lines of communication and establishing a relationship. 5. There are several free tools out there that can help you accomplish this. 2) You can Tweet sales, promotions, product advice and discounts. You can tweet as often as you like. There arent many. Its just like in the real world. Why? What if you had 100 followers and they each had 100 of their own and then they had 100 as well. Share good content. Waiting too long can hurt the relationship. Companies and brands have continually exploited new and unique forms of advertisement, right from conventional newspapers, radios and televisions to the latest social media. Theyll like you more and youll get more followers that way. Youll need to build a following which, in the beginning, will require you to follow others in the same niche. If you have followers interested in these issues, then its a natural way to generate additional interest in your book. 5. Its an exponential tool. Three times works great because you can send it in the morning, then a reminder in the afternoon, and another one at night with a notice about the expiration of it. Twitter marketing is one of the most effective ways of marketing yourself through social media. Comment on other posts. Tweet Nonsense This sounds crazy, but hear me out. I follow about 24,000 to 25,000 people now. However, the number of characters in every Tweet poses as a limitation to your MLM campaign. Mention others. Dont be a stranger to the community and dont let your followers forget about you. Apps like these allow you to schedule tweets, manage your lists, and build feeds for particular key terms, people youre following and hashtags (such as #amwriting, political thriller, etc.). With Apple reporting in recent years records sales of their Macintosh computers including the iMac and MacBook systems, software developers have been increasingly trying to release their wares for OSX users as well as their traditional client base based of Windows. Thats Right Twitter Auto Follow Tools Help Your Page Rankings. Its time to talk disadvantages as well. This is a great way to not only get your marketing out there but to also get tracking to see how effective it is. As such, several network marketers have devised ways through which you can market the products offered by your business online. This could be when they mention you or a keyword for something you may be promoting. Too much advertising, or spamming the account does not attract customers, instead has a negative effect. Utilizing your twitter marketing strategy. What you can do is write an intro like New blog post: before the title of your content. 5. Its growing with new users at an amazing rate with thousands of new sign ups every day. Remember, Twitter is just a tool. Social media is a great vehicle to grow, connect with and build your online community. People go to the internet to find answers and solutions and you can promote your business by giving your customers what they need.  · Post good and educational links. This is also helpful to grow your followers. This article will offer some suggestions to make your Twitter experience a positive one and not only reach a new consumer base but also generate additional revenue with only a few extra moments of your time. Now, just wait a few days for your Tweet to rank for your keyword phrase on Google. Twitter is part of a larger group of social media web 2.0 sites. This will make your followers aware that your brand exists and your tweets arent just like computer-generated or something. Its more affordable than you may think and it allows your company to get noticed on one of the most popular social media sites today! At night (especially Friday after 6 PM), your posts could get lost in a big influx of updates. 9. subscribers can customize their twitter marketing strategy, beginning with searches of one another in one of two ways: Basic search. Dont leave your Twitter account inactive for a week, because some users will actually unfollow your account if you do that. Millions of business entrepreneurs have taken to twitter to expand their marketing potential and many have done so with quite a bit of success. But there is increasing competition for some of the other popular marketing software, so is TweetAdder still the daddy? People follow each other on Twitter to keep in touch and many a film celebrity or TV idol and such celebrities are members of Twitter and regularly update their statuses. Social media has become a phenomenal tool for marketing, and Twitter is the easiest and least time consuming of all. Great! Instead, they go to find breaking news and time-wasting YouTube videos. You can sit there and literally scroll down all of the conversations and simply reply with your message. Get to know them. 4. For example, the tools that it has to help you whatever the type of Twitter marketing campaign are very powerful. Its an art form, but for many it may as well be cubism. Believe it or not, Twitter is probably the easiest to promote on because it doesnt demand much content and you can narrow down your searches based on conversation. This simply means that you can type in a particular keyword in the Twitter search and you will find a list of people talking about that subject. So, by all means dont use lame call to action like visit my site or blog If youre an entrepreneur growing a small business, it is essential to use your twitter marketing campaign to promote yourself and your product or service, at a personal level. On Twitter, direct marketing should be minimal. If you think theyll be interested in a story, they probably will be. Choose who to follow To gain followers, you will usually have to follow other people. All you really need is the communication from your new followers. Well Twitter is easy to use and login. Finally, in order to be followed you need to follow first. But in the end, your goal is to make a personal connection with you followers, and hopefully they promote you by re-tweeting and mentioning you their followers. Get them involved in the conversation. Tweet Whistle does the similar task as the Tweet Adder but in a slightly different interface. If you want to learn more about squeeze pages, please read my other articles. Network marketing is not the only one. Instead of tweeting it out for everyone to see, direct message a follower and offer them something that you think would appeal to them. Tweet Whistle has a feed built in for your messages and @mentions which you can remove, reply to and much more, all from inside the tool. In the past few years internet has moved up with a good pace so as its applications. 140it Tweet Compressor Twonvert TweetShrink TwitterEyes Twitblogs shortText.com Listen to what they want and not what you want. With todays social media trends, social media platforms too have become open to online marketing. Once again, dont overdo it and come off as a spammer pushing a product with no concern for anything else. Twitter is the new buzz in marketing. All you really need is the communication from your new followers. Try reciprocating their effort, as well, so the relationship becomes a two-way street, opening the lines of communication and establishing a relationship. 5. However on Twitter, the platform takes care of that issue. In addition to these leading social networking sites, there are many specialized social networking sites that cater to a specific community and bind people with common interests. The twitter has allows other portals and business service groups to propagate their business with the help of twitter for generating their revenues. Social network marketing has become a trend among network marketers, and must be implemented in your very own network marketing campaign if you truly desire to fully experience the benefits of having an effective online marketing campaign. The Internet is, it seems, the fount on which the public quenches its thirst for valuable information necessary for them to carry out their everyday tasks. Once the profiles are setup, you can begin inviting customers, friends and family members to like, follow, and support your business social media page. Optimize your details A successful campaign begins with the right keywords and the right biography. If you the founder are the main focus of your branding effort, it wouldnt make much sense to use the company name as your user name for Twitter. Unlike other national pizza places that have already made a name for themselves, Naked Pizza is healthy. Its a psychological thing. Social networks allow the customers voices to be louder than your marketing message. Dont send the same tweet over and over again, even if you separate it by several days. Being too mysterious    This may seem obvious, but you need to make sure your prospect knows who you are and what you stand for within the first interaction. Spice up your tweets by linking to some fun viral videos or links. 5. Now lets talk about Twitter. You can add your marketing links in a few of the posts where they seem to fit. Ditto for Facebook accounts. 3) You can gain new subscribers instantly in your store, through your traditional advertising and through your customers forwarding your offers to a friend. 4. Yes you want your follower numbers to increase, but also keep an eye on how influential your followers are you only need a small number of influential followers to regularly re-tweet your tweets to see the benefit. Your account must say a lot about you and your business, without saying just too much. The magic word was Oprah.  · Talk none sometimes there are many cool things and fund stuff. And honestly, that amount of space IS quite a bit to convey a message. Dont follow every single tweeple you see without any direction or marketing focus. Many people do not realize its potential and do not advertise here, but here are some very fascinating, yet compelling reasons for advertising on Twitter- 1. Things to Consider When Setting Up User Name You need to consider whether you want to run all tweets in one language, or whether you want to run accounts for each of the main languages. Social Marketing 2.0, as this strategy is concisely called, involves marketing through social media sites like Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and so forth. Dont follow every single tweeple you see without any direction or marketing focus. 3. 2) When you do have your social marketing plan thought out, Twitter is the perfect place without wasting an enormous amount of money, time and you can tell the public any news you may have and what you are doing at the moment. They make it easy for you to track tweets related to your niche. Each user has a unique Twitter handle (a.k.a username) which you need to include when sending a message to someone. Steer clear of blasting too many promotions without engaging in conversation. They are both great in categorizing different tweets and trending topics. As this grows, more people are likely to engage with your Twitter profile. Unlike other national pizza places that have already made a name for themselves, Naked Pizza is healthy. Similar to a site directory, Twellow categories allow twitter subscribers to search for subscribers based on specific categories provided by Twellow. Having established way back in 2006, Twitter has spiked in numbers from a few thousand to growing millions in just a short span of time. If you think theyll be interested in a story, they probably will be. 8. Twitter is basically a networked microblog. More so, you can program to set a default message which will be sent when new users follow you on Twitter, thus creating that semblance of interaction to make way for future communications and relationships. More than anything else, Twitter for business is essential. 1. That is the best way to proceed because otherwise you begin to lose momentum when you begin worrying about how others dont know how to use Twitter more efficiently. The various text campaign types have be proven to be fun to customers, increase loyalty and sales by rewarding your best customers. Twitter is a useful platform. b) A better connection Facebook and Twitter are terrific places to gather leads, but your goal should always be to actually capture those leads for yourself. If you think theyll be interested in a story, they probably will be. Find established and successful authors in your particular genre(s) and review their followers on Twitter. That is because they come in with the social proof upfront. Its not a forum for advertising; its a way to find and connect with people who may need your products or services. Showcase If you have a brand new product, Twitter is the perfect place to show it off. This type of apps will update your profile every time you post new content on you site or blog. This way, people are more likely to recognize you as an expert in that particular field, and will often follow your brand to do business with you.

The Effective Decision Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

The Effective Decision The Effective Decision - The Function of the Chief Executive At 60, John Neyland, the company president, decided he would retire before the mandatory retirement age of 65. He did not reveal his decision to anyone until he reached 62, and at this time he confided to his best friend and the most powerful board member that he would retire imminently. Mr. Neyland proposed that Bill Strong, Vice President, Administration, a very able and experienced executive, succeed him as president. Mr. Neyland's friend vehemently opposed Bill Strong's candidacy, and forcefully argued that Margaret Wetherall, vice president of manufacturing, was the best qualified to be the new president. This case presents a situation where the decision-making process has completely failed. The selection of the president is one of the most important decisions a board of directors makes. Not only does a president have an enormous impact on the fortunes of a company, but the very process by which the executive is picked influences the way employees, investors, and other constituencies view the company and its leadership. One of the board's most critical roles is to ensure the presence of an effective management development program for the whole enterprise. While the CEO (in most firms, the president is also the CEO), is the person managing the program, the board needs to play an active oversight role to ensure that the program is in place and is working effectively. Considering that Mr. Neyland was approaching the mandatory retirement age, and that a significant difference in opinion between Mr. Neyland and the most powerful board member as to who should be the new president, it is clear that the board (the president is almost always a board member) was extremely derelict in its duties. The decision-making process was greatly undermined, with huge ramifications for the organization. In the Japanese way of decision-making, the single most important element in solving such problems is defining the question. Because the Japanese system is very time consuming and involves many participants from various functions within the organization, the Japanese system is suited to big decisions. A change is president is one of the most crucial events in the life of a company, and it is an event in which the board of directors plays a central role. Because the ne... ...ns by consensus, and they have developed a systematic decision-making process. The critical first step in the Japanese decision-making system is to define the problem and then proceed through well-defined stages to arrive at an effective decision. For example, the Japanese flush out various opinions without any discussion of the answer. The Japanese focus on exploring and debating the merits of alternatives, rather than on the optimal solution. The process includes all parties that are affected by the decision. When a consensus is reached, the decision can be easily implemented because people implementing the decision were intimately involved in the decision-making process. The disagreement between Mr. Neyland and the board member regarding who should succeed Mr. Neyland has sabotaged the effective decision-making process. It is highly unlikely that the next president will be the "best" candidate, and politics will compromise the integrity of the decision process. Naturally, there are enormous implications for the economic health of the organization. American and European managers often make poor decisions, and the consequences can be devastating for their organizations.

The Consumer And The Gimmick :: essays research papers

The Consumer and the Gimmick Today there are many factors that hurt the music industry. One factor involves the way we push musicians into allowing the industry to popularize one good song thus forgetting the rest of the album.   We the consumers have somehow been satisfied with just one good song from one mediocre band.   Perhaps there is a simple formula for disaster.   First the song is played on the radio and then the video is constantly on MTV, thus causing us to get tired of the music.   It's as easy as that! We sit and whine about not hearing enough from our favorite band, but once they come out with new music we smother ourselves in it. We then get sick of it and are left looking for something new to fulfill our cravings. This is when we, the monster consumers of music, decide to take our interest to the next hit song. It's not all our fault. You have to put at least some blame on the bands themselves. They feel that it is part of their job to indulge our wants.   We as lovers of what these songwriters do are appalled and disgusted by hearing anything but the best from our favorite bands.   Once we have what we want it's not long before we want more.   This is because we consume the musicians' talents like a fast food happy meal.   We open the box, take out the toy, throw away the contents, and then bitch about being hungry.   When we do this we always say, "It's a cool song, but they are a one hit wonder."   We the hungry consumer do not give the bands a chance to show their true musical talents. One example involves the group Verve Pipe and their hit song "The Freshman." This songs LP was out in December. No one noticed it until halfway through the month of March.   "The Freshman" was played every thirty minutes on the radio and fifteen times a day on MTV. This in my opinion results in the complete overplay of one bands hit song.   Now we consider them a "One hit wonder."   The Verve Pipe has more good music, but who is to say that anyone will ever hear it? Another thing that hurts the industry is the reliance on gimmicks. Finding  Ã‚   talent in a band that relies on gimmicks is as easy as lifting a three-hundred pound man above you head.   Sure for some it is easy, but for others it's damn near impossible.   A few bands that rely on gimmicks are Marilyn Manson and basically any rapper you can think of off the top of your head.